The Antediluvian Andalusian - An Ancient And Aspiring Horse

ndalusian horse is one of the oldest pure horse breedsAndalusians was hidden and was used to renew the
in the world. It has been highly regarded since thebreed. In 1832, an epidemic devastated Spain's horse
Middle Ages and reigned for several centuries as thepopulation and only a small herd of Andalusians at the
embodiment of perfection, but Spanish horses haveMonastery of Cartuja survived. In order to re-establish
always been esteemed for their quality andtheir breeding programs, exportation of an Andalusian
appearance since Roman times.became illegal without Royal consent and the penalty
The Andalusian has officially been known as thefor exporting this treasured horse was death. No
Purebred Spanish Horse, and has been representedAndalusians were exported until 1962.
by Iberian Saddle Horse, Iberian War Horse, Jennet,However, now the Andalusian's numbers are growing
Ginete, Lusitano, Alter Real, Carthusian, Spanish Horse,around the world. In 2005 there were approximately
Portuguese, Peninsular, Castilian, Extremeno, Villanos,400 Andalusians registered in Canada. In the United
Zapata, and Zamaranos. It is also known as theStates, it is still a unique breed, but the population has
Lusitano Horse, which is the modern breed ofrisen to around 5400 horses. The total number of
Andalusian in Portugal. And since black is a rare colorAndalusian (Lusitano) horses registered with IALHA in
in the Andalusian breed, there is also a black Spanish2008 is approximately. 11,000.
Andalusian or Pura Raza Espanola (PRE) horse ofIn physical appearance, the Andalusian is a compact
Spain.horse with a distinguished appearance and excellent
The Andalusian Horse originated in the province ofproportions which balance well with their graceful, yet
Andalusia on the Iberian Peninsula, in Spain, wheresubstantial bodies. The Andalusian has a natural
2500 year old cave paintings portray the breed. Itsbalance, collection, impulsion, and agility. They are
ancestors are the Iberian horses of Spain and Portugal,between 15.1 to 16.1 hands high with the average being
which in turn were influenced by Celtic, Carthaginian,15.2 hands.
Germanic, and Roman horses; and the Barb horseThe Andalusian is known for its abundantly thick mane
which was brought to Spain by the invading Moors inthat flows from a long, elegant, well-arched but
the Seventh Century. These oriental horses weresubstantial neck, with stallions having more of a crest
crossed with quality native Spanish stock, and thethan mares. The classic profile is a long head with
result was the Andalusian.broad forehead, small ears, large eyes, and a flat or
The Andalusian has been a major part of theslightly convex nose. The shoulders are well-sloped
development of many other horse breeds, includingand the withers are well defined. The massive chest
being the foundation breed for the Lipizzaner horsesand powerful hindquarters are lean and the long, thick,
used in Vienna's Spanish Riding School in the 1500's.flowing tail should be low set. The breed has strong,
The breed has also been part of the development ofmedium legs with very energetic high knee action and
the Irish Connemara, most German warmblood breeds,short striding.
the Cleveland Bay of England, and the Peruvian PasoApproximately 80% of the Andalusians are Gray,
of the new world. The Azteca is an Andalusian(Torca, Ruca), 15% Bay (Castana, Castanha), and 5%
Quarter Horse cross while the Iberian Warmblood is anblack. The following colors are also acceptable but
Andalusian/Thoroughbred cross. The Spanish Normanrarely seen: Black Bay, Brown, Chestnut, Buckskin, Dun,
is an Andalusian/Percheron cross and the HispanoPalomino, Cremello (Isabella), Perlino, Roan. Other colors
Arab is an Andalusian/Arab cross.are rare or believed to be non-existent in the purebred
The Andalusian is mentioned in various historical textsAndalusian but may be accepted with proper
dating as far back as Homer's Iliad, written in 1100 BC.documentation including parentage verification and
Xenophon, a Greek cavalry officer who lived in orphotos. All dark spots within white markings or on pink
near 450 BC, also praised the "gifted Iberian horses"skin must be recorded on the registration application
for their role in the Spartan's defeat of Athens. In thefor and the color of all hooves must be noted
Second Punic War (218-201 BC), the Romans wereespecially if they are striped.
defeated by the Iberian cavalry, and more than 1,200Andalusian Horses possess a proud but docile, calm
years later William the Conqueror rode an Iberiantemperament. The breed is renowned for its ability to
horse into the Battle of Hastings in 1066. The Spanishlearn quickly and easily when treated with respect.
explorer, Hernando Cortes, brought Andalusians toThey are sensitive, intelligent, and particularly
America for his conquests.responsive and cooperative with a very willing nature.
As the middle ages progressed, heavier breeds ofThe International Andalusian & Lusitano Horse
horses that were capable of carrying fully armoredAssociation is the association that maintains a registry
knights began to gain favor over the Adalusian as warfor Purebred Andalusians and Half-Andalusians and is
mounts. When firearms were invented, a more agilealso the official representative of the Lusitano Horse
horse became desirable, and the Andalusion was(the modern breed of Andalusian in Portugal) in the
again back in favor. This new type of warfareUSA and Canada.
ushered in a new era for the breed, when it becameAs for genetic anomalies, veterinarians do not yet
known as the "royal horse of Europe." During thisknow if Degenerative Suspensory Ligament Desmitis
period, Andalusian horses were present at nearly(DSLD) has its roots in genetics, overuse of affected
every European court as the favored mount for thelimbs, hormone fluctuations (previously-sound
nobles and played an integral role in the new ridingbroodmares may develop symptoms of DSLD around
academies that were forming throughout Europe,foaling time), or if it is some combination of these
where the art of dressage. The Andalusian is still usedfactors. Although the condition is probably best known
in bull fighting in Southern Spain.in gaited breeds (American Saddlebreds, Peruvian
Andalusian horses owe a great deal to the CarthusianPasos, Peruvian crosses, Standardbreds, and National
Monks who bred them, beginning in the late MiddleShow Horses), it has also been diagnosed in Arabians,
Ages. In the late 1400's, studs and bloodlines wereThoroughbreds, and Andalusians.
founded at monasteries in Terez, Seville, and Cazallo.But all that aside, this versatile breed can be found
The monks were excellent breeders and trainers, andcompeting in dressage, driving, jumping, cutting and
kept their horses pure. However, that purity wascattle work. It is ridden under both English and Western
threatened in the 1800's when Napoleon invaded Spainsaddle. Their stunning presence and charisma makes
and his army stole many horses. This caused thethem an asset to any show ring, exhibition or parade.
Andalusian breed to decline in numbers and it cameWith its love of people, the Andalusian is an ideal family
close to extinction. Fortunately, one herd ofhorse.