The Ancient Portuguese Bull Fighting Lusitano Horse

The Lusitano is an ancient breed of horse native tohorses are highly trained to swerve instantly, yet still
Portugal that is filled with tradition. It has historical linksremain calm when a charging bull approaches, and
to the military, to bullfighting and to the classical trainingthey also need to possess an extreme dose of
methods of the "Haute Йcole". It is known"bravura", agility, and obedience. In Portugal, the bull is
by many names such as Lusitanian, Betico-lusitano,not killed in the bullring, but calmly exits the arena after
National Horse, Peninsular Horse, Pura Razathe fight escorted by tame steers, so the horse must
Espaсola (PRE) and Portuguese Horse andobediently remain still. However, these days, the
has inspired powerful descriptions such as "a horse forLusitano has become so expensive that many bull
a King in days of victory", but the official Lusitanofighters cannot afford a pure Lusitano, and if they can,
breed name comes from the word Lusitania, whichthey will not risk injuring their horse while fighting the bull.
was name that the ancient Romans gave to theThis means that cruzados, or mongrels, are being
western part of the Iberian Peninsula. The Lusitano hasridden in the bullrings instead, but they are often able to
a natural ability for concentration and learning quickly,excel nearly as well. A cruzado may be a crossbreed,
with a great disposition for High School work. It isbut it could also be a true Lusitano whose pedigree is
courageous and enthusiastic for what are known asincomplete or unregistered.
the gineta exercises, which include combat, hunting,Today, the Lusitano horse is recognized for its ability to
bullfighting, and working with cattle.perform well in a plethora of equestrian disciplines. In
The Lusitano is very similar in conformation to thethe attempt to become more competitive with the
Andalusian horses of Spain and the two breeds areworld-wide sport horses, the European Warmbloods,
thought to have originated from a common source, theand targeting events like show jumping and modern
rare and nearly extinct Sorraia, which is a smallerdressage in which the warmblood excels, the Lusitano
horse that is characterized by a dun colored coat withis starting to lose its Iberian type.
primitive markings. In fact, until 1960, Lusitanos andTraditionally, the Lusitano is a horse of medium size. At
Andalusians were registered together in the Spanishthe age of six years, the average height is 15.1 hands
Stud Book of the Associaзгofor mares and 15.3 hands for stallions, although they
Portuguesa de Criadores do Cavalo Puro Sanguemay be found over 16.0 hands high now, while also
Lusitano (APSL), also known as the Portugueselooking more like Northern European warmbloods.
Lusitano Breeders Association. However, selectiveThey weigh approximately 1100 pounds.
breeding in the Lusitano resulted in a more convexThere is no discrimination against any solid color.
profile reminiscent of the older Andalusian or IberianOriginally, the Lusitano was grulla or dun, but buckskins,
horse whereas the Andalusian has developed a morepalominos, cremellos, and perlinos can also be found.
Oriental head shape. The modern Lusitano is onHowever, the gray gene has taken over the breed,
average a cleaner-moving, braver, and tougher-builtand most Lusitano horses are various shades of gray,
horse than the average modern Andalusian. They aredepending on their age. It has become the most
now considered to be separate breeds and in theappreciated and esteemed color of the breed. Their
United States they are represented by the Internationaloverall body profile is described in the official breed
Andalusian & Lusitano Horse Association (IALHA).standard as "sub-convex (with rounded outlines); a
Additionally, the Lusitano's history is identical to that ofsilhouette that can be fitted into a square."
the Spanish or Iberian horse. For most of their commonThe Lusitano has a well-proportioned noble head of
history, Portuguese and Spanish horses were bred asmedium length that is narrow and dry, with the cheek
if they were one breed. The Iberian horse was calledinclined to be long. It has a slightly sub-convex profile
Andalusian, Estremenjo, or Castillian, depending on thewith a slightly curved forehead narrowing to a finely
region it was bred in, and it was called Lusitanian incurved nose. The eyes are elliptical or almond-shaped
Portugal. Today, the breed is known as Lusitano orand are large, alive, expressive and confident. The
"Puro Sangue Lusitano" (PSL), meaning pure-bloodedmedium-length ears are fine, narrow and expressive.
Lusitano.The neck is of medium length and arched, ending at a
The ancestors of the modern Lusitano were incrediblenarrow junction with the head. The body is
horses. When the Phoenicians, Greeks, andshort-coupled with powerful shoulders, a deep rib cage
Carthagians landed on the west coast of the Iberianand broad powerful loins. The mane and tail are
Peninsula, which is now Portugal, they came acrossabundant and silky with the tail set rather low on an
riders whose horses were of superior speed andunobtrusive hip. Even when excited, the tail is not
whose fighting ability from horseback was incredible.carried very high.
This perfect union, the connection of horse and riderThe Lusitano has a trait that is often associated with
as one entity, led to the myth of the Centaur, and itIberian horses. It is called "campaneo" in Spain, and it is
was thought that this half-human/half-horse creature,the action of the front leg that does not show a
stemmed from the delta of the river Tejo. The talestraight forward movement, but rather swings out
told to explain the fantastic speed of these horseslaterally to a degree. It appears to be an inherent trait
was that "they conceived their foals by the wind."of the Iberian horse. Just as in the Andalusian breed,
In Portugal, the horses were sought after over thesome Lusitano horses can be found that do a lateral
centuries as a war horse and were bred in agait.
continuous effort to produce the best war horse orWhile the Lusitano was not bred for its gait, but for its
bullfighting horse. When the Iberian horse was noagility in the bullring, there are still some individuals that
longer needed as a war mount, mounted bullfightinghave retained the gait and the action of these Lusitano
became the horse's main use. But when mountedhorses is showy. The cannon bones are
bullfighting was prohibited in Spain by a royal decreecomparatively long and lend to the knee action and
for several centuries, the sport lived on in Portugalproud, elevated movements. The hind leg is positioned
without interruption. The Lusitano continued to be bredwell underneath the body axis, producing the hock
for its bullfighting agility, which happens to be identical toaction so suited to collection and impulsion. The
their ability and agility for high school dressage.movements are agile, sure-footed, elevated forward
The Lusitano has all the courage of the Spanish Horseand uphill, and carry the rider in comfort. It is a gait that
coupled with remarkable agility, quickness and balance,there is no clear written description of, and one that
which makes the Lusitano the perfect horse formust be seen or ridden to be fully appreciated.
mounted bullfighting in Portugal. These bullfighting