Desert Bred - Origins of the Arabian Horse

The Arabian horse has scholars in disagreement aboutwith no natural pasture available, the Bedouins provided
his exact origins. Some argue that the proto-Arabiantheir horses with water and food in the form of
horse evolved in the northern part of the Fertilecamel's milk and dates.
Crescent, where the Tigris and Euphrates rivers run.Bedouins had a purist philosophy of horse breeding,
Others believe the southwestern Arabian Peninsulamaintaining bloodlines through inbreeding and
once boasted natural pastures, citing as evidence dryline-breeding. Over time, prized strains evolved, each
riverbeds that date back to the Ice Age.with distinguishing characteristics. Horses were bred
Scholars also differ in their theories about thefor intelligence, speed, agility and endurance. Weak
progenitors of the Arabian horse. Some think thehorses were culled from the gene pool. Though beauty
Arabian descended from one of the four subtypes ofwas not necessary for survival, the Bedouins
Equus caballus:nevertheless selectively bred their horses for
• Akhal-Teke of western Asiarefinement. Mares were preferable to stallions
• Barb of North Africabecause they were more tractable and also because
• Marwari Horse of Indiathey were quieter, facilitating nighttime raids. Prized
• Turkoman Horse (now extinct)mares were often kept inside the family tent to guard
Others assert that the Arabian had its own subtype:against theft, and so a good disposition was vital. What
Equus caballus pumpelli.becomes apparent is that the Arabian horse is the
Whatever his ancestry, aside from having grownoldest human-developed breed of horse in the world.
somewhat larger, the Arabian horse has remainedAs the Arabian horse spread to the East - through
largely unchanged through thousands of years. His wildtrade, abduction, bribery, deception and tribute - he
progenitor originally appeared as far back as 2500 B.C.,changed the world. Estranged cultures were united.
in rock paintings found in the Arabian Peninsula. ByEmpires rose and fell due to the warhorse's prowess.
1550 B.C., an Egyptian painting depicted a chariot pulledThe Arabian horse appears in hieroglyphics, his image
by a horse with certain recognizable characteristics ofis carved in monuments and on signet rings, his glory is
the Arabian type: a refined head, an arched neck andextolled in paintings, and ancient documents attest to
a high-carried tail.the fearsome beauty of his thundering hooves.
It is doubtful that the horse migrated on his own intoOne day, the question of the Arabian breed's origins
the desert of the Arabian Peninsula. The area hasmay be answered definitively. Archaeologists could
been an arid, inhospitable land for some 10,000 yearsmake new discoveries that upend previous
and it would have been nearly impossible for horses toassumptions about his beginnings. Or perhaps his true
exist there without human caretakers, since horsesorigins will be forever cloaked in mystery. Until then, we
can only survive for 72 hours without water. Thecan only marvel at the serendipity that brought us such
Bedouins, a nomadic people of the Nejd desert, seema magnificent animal. Through the ages, caretakers
to have domesticated the Arabian horse prototypeand breeders have preserved his qualities for posterity
around 5,000 years ago, shortly after they beganand have passed down this most important bequest -
making use of the camel. In the midst of the desert,the Arabian horse.