Changing Your Horse's Diet

I recently received a letter from a reader on the Eastgenerally causes the most medical distress. This is true
Coast who is facing a challenge that every horsein the spring when the horses have been on hay and
owner is going to face at least twice each year if yoursuddenly the pastures are filled with rich, wet, grass
horse spends any time on pasture. In the fall and earlyeverywhere. The same cautious transitional rule
spring, every horse owner is going to face theapplies, ease him onto the new grass in small bits each
challenge of switching their horse from pasture to hayday until you eventually have him onto the new diet.
and back again from hay to pasture.Whether you live on the East Coast or on the West
"...I recently bought my first horse (morgan/perchCoast or in Europe, the same rules apply where diet
cross). He is VERY solid and has always been onchange is concerned - slow is best. The last thing you
pasture board (with run-in). I live in Pennsylvania andwant to do is find yourself with a horse that has a
the grass is starting to get yellow. At what point shouldstomach ache or worse. The simple formula is to
he be getting hay(my barnmanager insists it's stilldivide the total amount of the new feed that you plan
good)? He also is just starting to get a handfulof grain...on feeding each day into a fourteen day transitional
He's getting very fit and has lost a little weight (which isperiod (assuming you will feed the same amount for
good in that he was getting too big), but just think hetwo days each time you increase the amount). In other
should start getting hay. Thanks so much. I lookwords, if you intend to switch from no grain to 7
forward to hearing from you.pounds a day (used here as an example only, you
Martha"should follow the quantity recommendations on the
Hi Martha,feed bag), split the 7 pound ration over a 14 day period.
Good to hear from you and congrats on purchasingThis would mean that on the first and second days,
your first horse! As for grass vs. hay, there are twoyou will feed 1 pound of grain. By day three and four,
things I would recommend:you will be feeding two pounds a day, etc, etc.
1. If you call your local ag extension office and askRemember that if your horse was on another grain
them to run a test on the grass in the pastures thisproduct and you are switching from one to the other,
time of year to determine the nutritional value, this willremember to decrease the amount you are feeding of
eliminate all the guesswork. Of course, many barnthe old product, proportionate to the amount you are
owners will be offended if you do this, but you arefeeding of the new. In other words, if you start to feed
ultimately responsible for your horse's health.one pound of the new brand of grain, reduce by the
2. You can call your local vet and ask him what hesame amount what you were previously feeding of
thinks about the nutritional value of yellow grass.the old brand. If the goal is to transition from one
At the end of the day, if you horse is in good flesh andproduct to a new product, reduce what you feed of
his energy level is good, he is probably fine on the dietthe old as you increase what you feed of the new, in
he is currently on. If he is not thriving on it, I would atorder to keep his diet balanced and to avoid colic or
least call the vet to ask the general question aboutfounder risks.
when he thinks horses should start to transition off fieldAnother tip when you are transitioning your horse's diet
grass onto hay for the winter (in your part of the- keep an eye on his water intake and output and
country).keep an eye on his stools to ensure he is not showing
Remember to ease him onto hay, if he hasn't been onany signs of diarrhea or worse, is not producing any
it for the summer, especially if he is on yellow grassstools at all. For most horses, if you exercise the basic
now. If there is little or no nutrition in that field grass thiscommon sense detailed in this column, your horse will
time of year and you start him on alfalfa hay (which istransition from grass to hay and back again, or from
a very rich hay), you run the risk of colic or founder, soone grain product to another without any problems. As
in a perfect world, while he is still on pasture most oflong as you exercise common sense and caution, it
the time, I would add 1/3 of a flake a day of the hayshould be a very uneventful transition. If you short cut,
(for two days), increase that to 1/2 flake for anotheryou can expect expensive vet bills, lots of sleepless
two days and then continue to increase incrementallynights and the possibility of lifelong founder issues as a
in two day phases until he is on whatever his full dailyresult of taking that short cut.
hay ration is going to end up being. If this transition isI want to hear from you! If you have any questions,
hard for the barn staff to do, you can always arrangecomments or suggestions that you would like to share
to swing by the barn yourself during the transitionwith the rest of us, drop me a line at:
period to ensure he is eased onto the new diet.Bonnie Marlewski-Probert
In horses, it is not so much what they eat that is aP.O.
danger, it is the transition from old diet to new diet that